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内容简介

英语教学既是语言教学，也是文化教学。美国著名人类学家萨丕尔指出：“语言不能脱离文化而存在。”(Sapir，1921)语言是文化的载体，每个民族都有自己独特的风俗习惯和文化背景，人们总是根据自己的文化背景及语言习惯用自己固有的方式去理解别人所写的东西，对于英语专业的学生而言，不熟悉英美国家的社会文化背景知识，就会给跨文化交际造成很大的障碍。随着全球化时代的到来和改革开放的深入，我国国际间跨文化交流与合作日益增多，同时，各行各业对具有夯实外语知识技能和广博全球文化知识的人才的需求也日益迫切。2004年，国家教育部高等教育司公布的《大学英语课程教学要求》明确地把学生“文化意识”的培养列入到英语教学中，认为在英语教学中培养学生的文化意识与培养学生的语言意识、语言技能同等重要。

目 录

Chapter 1 Origin and History　1Text A The Origin and History of the UK　1Text B Elizabeth I of England　7Supplementary Reading Song to the Men of England　14Knowledge Expansion Kings and Queens of England and Great Britain　15Chapter 2 Climate and Territory　19Text A Climate of the United Kingdom　19Text B Geography of the United Kingdom　25Supplementary reading I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud　31Knowledge Expansion Relevant Knowledge of the United Kingdom　32Chapter 3 System of Government and Political Parties　33Text A The System of Government of the United Kingdom　33Text B Political Parties of the United Kingdom　40Supplementary Reading Elizabeth II　46Knowledge Expansion The Monarch’s Power of the United Kingdom　47The Prime Minister’s Power　48Chapter 4 Laws and Rules　49Text A The Constitution of the United Kingdom　49Text B The Sources of the Constitution of United Kingdom　60Supplementary Reading The Legal System of the United Kingdom　68Knowledge Expansion　 List of Justices of the Supreme Court of theUnited Kingdom　71Chapter 5 Industrial Revolution　75Text A A General Introduction to Industrial Revolution　75Text B Technological Developments in Britain during Industrial Revolution　82Supplementary Reading Social Effects of Industrial Revolution on Great Britain　91Knowledge Expansion Joseph Whitworth　96Chapter 6 Two World Wars　101Text A History of the United Kingdom during World War I　101Text B Great Britain, from World War I to World War II　112Supplementary Reading Churchill’s Speech: We Shall Fight Them on the Beaches　120Knowledge Expansion Winston Churchill　121Chapter 7 Education　123Text A British Education System　123Text B Universities in the United Kingdom　131Supplementary Reading The University of Oxford　137Knowledge Expansion Stephen Hawking　140Chapter 8 Economy and Social Welfare　143Text A An Introduction to British Economy　143Text B Healthcare in the United Kingdom　150Supplementary Reading Economy of London　156Knowledge Expansion Keynesian Economics　159Chapter 9 Press, Radio and Television　161Text A Introduction to British Media　161Text B British Newspapers　167Supplementary Reading British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)　173Knowledge Expansion British Academy of Film and Television Arts　176Chapter 10 English Literature and Poems　179Text A Development of British Literature and Poems　179Text B Shakespeare　185Supplementary Reading J. K. Rowling　193Knowledge Expansion Sonnet 14　196Chapter 11 Religion and Beliefs　197Text A Christianity　197Text B Church of England　202Supplementary Reading St Paul’s Cathedral　207Knowledge Expansion List of Church of England Dioceses　210Chapter 12 Scenic Spots and Historical Sites　213Text A Hyde Park　213Text B Buckingham Palace　217Supplementary Reading British Museum　221Knowledge Expansion Top 10 London Attractions　228Chapter 13 Holidays and Festivals　233Text A British Holidays and Festivals　233Text B Easter　244Supplementary Reading Valentine’s Day　248Knowledge Expansion List of British Holidays and Celebrations　250

Chapter 14 Manners and Courtesies in Social Life　255Text A British Etiquette　255Text B Superstitions in Britain　260Supplementary Reading DOS and DON’TS (Taboos) in England　264Knowledge Expansion English Afternoon Tea Etiquette　266Chapter 15 Social Problems and Future　269Text A ‘Social Evils’ and ‘Social Problems’ in Britain　269Text B The UK Government Sustainable Development Strategy　275Supplementary Reading Depression is UK’s Biggest Social Problem　282Knowledge Expansion What Sports Do You Play in Britain?　283

AppendicesAppendix 1: Lists of Dynasties and Monarchs in British History　287Appendix 2: Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom　292Appendix 3: Major Events in UK History　295Appendix 4: Shires of the United Kingdom　298Appendix 5: UK’s National Anthem　299Appendix 6: List of British Nobel Laureates　300Appendix 7: National and Subnational Flags of the United Kingdom　305Appendix 8: Currency and Banking of the United Kingdom　305Appendix 9: History of British Literature　306Appendix 10: British Educational System　306

References 参考文献　308