基本内容

恐龙类dinosaurs简介曾分布于6个大陆，适应各种环境，有肉食性的和草食性的。前肢比后肢短，多数只用后肢步行，但其中也有四肢步行的。侏罗纪以后出现了颈尾均长的巨大的类型（载域龙，Atloantosaurus体长30米以上，体重约50吨），牙齿深埋于齿槽内，并局限在颚骨的周缘。脊椎骨有双凹型、平凹型、后四型的区别，但其后代几乎都为后凹型。有的种类与鸟相近，骨中空，如霸王龙（Ty－rranosaurus），雷龙（Brontosaurus），禽龙（Ig－uanodon），剑龙（stegosaurus），钩龙（Ankylo－saurus），三角龙（Triceratops）等都是。在南库页岛产的日本龙（Nipponosaurus）是属于草食龙，是鸭嘴龙类之一种。日本长畸县高岛煤矿内有类似的小残片发现。编辑本段种类概要许多的古生物学家相信恐龙形成单一的爬行动物族群，即恐龙类（Dinosauria）。它们与其它爬行动物最大区别在於它们的站立姿态与行进方式。恐龙具有全然直立的姿势，其四肢构建在其体躯的正下方位置。这样的架构要比那些其它种类的爬行动物，像是鳄类（其四肢向外侧伸展方式），在走路与奔跑上更有效益，更为方便。恐龙和其它灭绝的爬行动物能够明显的区分，主要是根据其腰带（骨盘构造）与四肢的骨骼学特徵，这些在演化上的发展，能够让恐龙得以站立奔走。在传统上，恐龙被分类成两个族群：根据其髋骨（腰带）的构造，分为蜥臀类（像蜥蜴似的髋骨）与鸟臀类（像鸟类的髋骨）。最近，第三类的恐龙族群，慢龙类（Segnosaurischia）被提出，也是根据了腰带的构造而分类的。在蜥臀类中，其腰带非常类似於现生的爬行动物，其髋骨系统中，耻骨伸前前方，而坐骨则伸向体躯的後方。在鸟臀类中，则具有较为复杂的腰带构造。其中髋骨系统中，耻骨已经转向体躯的後方，而与坐骨呈平行排列，与现生鸟类有些类似。同时鸟臀类在下颌骨也发展出了前齿骨。慢龙类（意即缓慢的，具蜥蜴腰带构造的，恐龙）则具有一种非常奇特的腰带构造，称之为後腰型（opisthopubic）；其髂骨彼此相当的宽阔而分隔，其中前段非常深而长，而其尖端外外伸展成将近90度垂直位置。慢龙类具有一个相当硕长的脖子，头颅相对的很小，而腰带特异，其耻骨与坐骨几近平行，甚而接合在一起。除了这个特殊的腰带构造而外，在其它骨骼构造上也有不同之处：颈椎与背椎都非常轻巧，而颈椎非常硕长其神经棘很短，小的头骨上，于上颌有纤细的牙齿排列。四肢具有四趾，每一趾都有长爪，均指向前方伸展。编辑本段中国的恐龙种属名录：恐龙纲　[ClassDinosauria（Owen）,1841]◆蜥臀目　[OrderSaurischiaSeeley,1888]◆兽脚亚目　SuborderTheropodaMarsh,1881◆虚骨龙次亚目　InfraorderCoelurosauriaHuene,1914迅足龙科　FamilyPodokesauridaeHuene,1914⊙尹氏芦沟龙LukousaurusyiniYoung,1848虚骨龙科FamilyCoeluridaeMarsh,1881⊙破碎中国虚骨龙SinocoelurusfragilisYoung,1942⊙原始川东虚骨龙ChuandongocoelurusprimitivusHe,1984似鸟龙科　FamilyOrnithomimidaeMarsh,1890⊙亚洲古似鸟龙　Archaeornithomimusasiatiicus（Gilmore,1933）Russell,1972偷蛋龙科　FamilyOviraptoridaeBarshold,1976⊙嗜角偷蛋龙　OviraptorphiloceratopOsborn,1924驰龙科　FamilyDromaeosauridaeMattewetBrown,1922⊙艾里克敏捷龙　PhaedrolosaurusilikensisDong,1973⊙小巧吐谷鲁龙TugulusaurusfacilesDong,1973⊙蒙古疾走龙　VelociraptormongoliensisOsborn,1924◆肉食龙次亚目　InfraorderCarnosauriavonHuene,1920巨齿龙科FamilyMegalosauridaeHuxley,1870⊙三叠中国龙　SinosaurustriassicusYoung,1948⊙中国只脊龙　DilophosaurussinensisHu,1992⊙建设气龙GasosaurusconstructusDongetTang,1985⊙七里峡宣汉龙　XuanhanosaurusqilixiaensisDong,1984异特龙科FamilyAllosauridaeMarsh,1879⊙上游永川龙YangchuanosaurusshangyouensisDonget.al.,1978⊙巨型永川龙YangchuanosaurusmagusDonget.al.,1983⊙甘氏四川龙SzechuanosauruscampiYoung,1942⊙石油克拉玛依龙KelmayisauruspetrolicusDong,1973⊙大水沟吉兰龙ChilantaisaurustashikouensisHu,1964⊙毛儿图吉兰泰龙ChiantaisaurusmaortuensisHu,1964⊙浙江吉兰泰龙ChilantaisauruszhejiangensisDong,1979⊙破碎金刚口龙ChingkankousaurusfragilisYoung,1958⊙广西原恐齿龙ProdeinodonKwangshiensisHouet.al.,1975鄯善龙科FamilyShanshanosauridaeDong,1977⊙火焰山鄯善龙ShanshanosaurushuoyanshanensisDong,1977暴龙科　FamilyTyrannosauridaeOsborn,1905⊙威肋阿尔伯脱龙AlbertosauruspericulosusRiabinin,1930⊙奥氏鹰龙AlectrosaurusolseniGilmore,1933?谚锎ū┝?TyrannosaurusluanchuanensisDong,1979⊙霸王龙相似种Tyrannosauruscf.T.rexHu,1973⊙特暴龙未定种Tarbosaurussp.Maleev,1955◆蜥脚形亚目SuborderSauropodomorphavonHuene,1932◆原蜥脚次亚目　InfraorderProsauropodavonHuene,1920板龙科　FamilyPlatesauridaeMarsh,1895⊙许氏禄丰龙LufengosaurushueneiYoung,1941⊙巨型禄丰龙LufengosaurusmagnusYoung,1947云南龙科FamilyYunnanosauridaeYoung,1942⊙黄氏云南龙YunnanosaurushuangiYoung,1942⊙巨硕云南龙YunnanosaurusmagnusYoung,1947近蜥龙科FamilyAnchisauridaeMarsh,1885⊙中国近蜥龙（兀龙）Anchisaurus（Gyposaurus）sinensisYoung,1941美兰龙科FamilyMelanrosauridaevonHuene,1929⊙中和金沙江龙ChinshakiangosauruszhongheensisElaao,1956◆蜥脚次亚目InfraorderSauropodaMarsh,1878圆顶龙科FamilyCamarasauridaeCope,1877蜀龙亚科SubfamilyShunosaurinaeMclntosh,1990⊙武定昆明龙KunmingosauruswudingensisZhao,1985⊙炎齿原颌龙Protognathosaurusoxyodon（Zhang,188）Olshevsky,1991⊙岳氏三巴龙SanpasaurusyoaiYoung,1944⊙船城资中龙ZizhongosauruschuanchengensisDongetal.,1983⊙李氏蜀龙ShunosaurusliiDong,et.al.,1983似鲸龙亚科SubfamilyCetiosaurinaeLydekker,1888⊙巴以酋龙DatousaurusbashanensisDongetTang,1984巧龙亚科SubfamilyBellusaurinaeDong,1986马门溪龙科FamilyMamenchisauridaeYoungetChao,1972马门溪龙亚科SubfamilyMamenchisaurinaeDong,1992峨嵋龙属　GenusOmeisaurusYoung,1939⊙荣县峨嵋龙OmeisaurusjunghsiensisYoung,1939⊙斧溪峨嵋龙OmeisaurusfuxiensisDonget.al.,1983⊙天府峨嵋龙OmeisaurustianfuensisHeet.al.,1984⊙罗泉峨嵋龙OmeisaurusluoquanensisLi,1988马门溪龙属GenusMamenchisaurusYoung,1954⊙建设马门溪龙MamenchisaurusconstructusYoung,1954⊙合川马门溪龙ManenchisaurushochuanensisYoungetZhao,1972盘足龙亚科SubfamilyEuhelopodinaeRomer,1956⊙奇台天山龙TienshanosauruschitaiensisYoung,1937⊙戈壁克拉美丽龙KlamelisaurusgobiensisZhao,1993⊙湖泊嘉裕龙ChiayusauruslacstrisBohlin,1953⊙师氏盘足龙EuhelopuszdanskyiWiman,1929⊙广西亚洲龙AsiatosauruskwangshiensisHouet.al.,1975⊙坦齿蒙古龙MongolosaurushoplodonGilmore,1933梁龙科FamilyDiplodocidaeMarsh,1884巨龙亚科SubfamilyTitanosaurinaeNopcsa,1928⊙耙齿纳摩盖吐龙NemegtosauruspachiDong,1977◆鸟臀目[OrderOrnithischiaSeeley,1887]◆鸟脚亚目SuborderornithopodaMarsh,1871异齿龙科FamilyHeterodontosauridaeRomer,1966⊙禄丰滇中龙DiachongosauruslufengensisYoung,1982棱齿龙科FamilyHypsilophodontidaeDollo,1882⊙大山?m??龙XiaosaurusdashanpensisDongetTang,1984⊙鸿鹤盐都龙YandusaurushungheensisHe,1979⊙拾遗工部龙GongbusaurusshiyiiDonget.al.,1983⊙五彩湾工部龙GongbusauruswucalwanensisDong,1989⊙兰氏灵龙AgilisauruslouderbackiPeng,1990禽龙科FamilyIguanodontidaeCope,1869原巴克龙属GenusProbactrosaurusRozhdestvensky,1966⊙戈壁原巴克龙ProbactrosaurusgobiensisRozhdestvensky,1966⊙阿拉善原巴克龙ProbactrosaurusalashanicusRozhdestvensky,1966鸭嘴龙科FamilyHadrosauridaeCope,1869鸭嘴龙亚科SubfamilyHadrosaurinaeLambe,1918⊙姜氏巴克龙BactrosaurusjohnsoniGlmore,1933⊙黑龙江满洲龙MandschurosaurusamurensisRiabinin,1930⊙蒙古计氏龙GilmoreosaurusmongoliensisBrett-Surman,1975谭氏龙属GenusTaniusWiman,1929⊙中国谭氏龙TaniussinensisWiman,1929⊙金刚口谭氏龙TaniuschingkankoensisYoung,1958⊙莱阳谭氏龙TaniuslaiyangensisZhen,1976⊙南雄小鸭嘴龙MicrohadrosaurusnanshiungensisDong,1979⊙巨型山东龙ShantungosaurusgiganteusHu,1974栉龙亚科SubfamilySaurolophinaeBrown,1914⊙富蕴牙克煞龙JaxartosaurusfuyanensisWu,1972⊙棘鼻青岛龙TsintaosaurusspinorhinusYoung,1958◆剑龙亚目SuborderstegosauriaMarsh,1880华阳龙科FamilyHuayangosauridaeGalton,1990⊙奥氏大地龙TatisaurusoehleriSimmons,1965⊙太白华阳龙HuayangosaurustaibaiiDong,et.al.,1982剑龙科FamilystegosauridaeMarsh,1877⊙凹甲剑节龙StegosauridesexcavatusBohlin,1953⊙关氏嘉陵龙ChialingosauruskuaniYoung,1959⊙多棘沱江龙TuojiangosaurusmultispinusDong,et.al.,1977⊙江北重庆龙ChungkingosaurusjiangbeiensisDong,et.al.,1983⊙平坦乌尔禾龙WuerhosaurushomheniDong,1973⊙拉乌拉芒康龙MonokosauruslawulacusChao,1983◆甲龙亚目SuborderAnkylosauriaOsborn,1923甲龙科FamilyAnkylosauridaeBrown,1903⊙明星天池龙TianchiasaurusnedegoapeferimaDong,1993⊙薄甲北山龙PeishansaurusphilemysBohlin,1953⊙谷氏绘龙PinacosaurusgrangeriGilmore,1933⊙结节蜥甲龙SauroplitesscutigerBohlin,1953⊙肿头黑山龙HeishanosauruspachycephalusBohlin,1953◆角龙亚目SuborderCeratopsiaMarsh,1890朝阳龙科FamilychaoyangosauridaeZhao,1983⊙辽西朝阳龙ChaoyangosaurusliaoxinensisZhao,1983鹦鹉嘴龙科FamilyPsittacosauridaeOsborn,1924⊙蒙古鹦鹉嘴龙PsittacosaurusmongoliensisOsborn,1923⊙中国鹦鹉嘴龙PsittacosaurussinensissYoung,1953⊙奥氏鹦鹉嘴龙PsittacosaurusosborniYoung,1931⊙固阳鹦鹉嘴龙PsittacosaurusgugangensisZhen,1981⊙新疆鹦鹉嘴龙PsittacosaurusxingiangensisSerenoet.Chao,1988⊙梅勒营鹦鹉嘴龙PsittacosaurusmeileyingensisSerenoet.al.,1988原角龙科FamilyProtoceratopsidaeGrangeretGregory,1923⊙戈壁微角龙MicroceratopsgobiensisBohlin,1953⊙凹齿微角龙MicroceratopssulcidensBohlin,1953⊙安氏原角龙ProtoceratopsandrewsiGrangeretGregory,1923◆肿头龙亚目SuborderPachycephalosauriaOsmolskaetMaryansky,1976平头龙科FamilyHomalocephalidaeDong,1978⊙红土崖小肿头龙MicropachycephalosaurushongtuyanensisDong,1978⊙岩寺皖南龙WannanosaurusyangsiensisHou,1977◆慢龙目OrderSegnosauria(BarsboldetPerly,1980)Dong,1992南雄龙科FamilyNanshiungosauridaeDong,1995⊙短棘南雄龙NanshiungosaurusbrevisinusDong,1979