二氧化碳性质表
二氧化碳及干冰的一些性质如下叙述。
基本信息
中文名:二氧化碳、干冰(固态)
化学式:CO2
CAS号:124-38-9(CO2)、1111-72-4(13CO2)、51-90-1(14CO2)、18983-82-9(C(18O)O)、2537-69-1(C(18O)2)
英文名:Carbon dioxide
外观:无色气体(标况);气态、液态、水溶液和超临界态均为无色;固态时为无色或白色固体
结构与性质
结构与性质 | |
|---|---|
折射率, nD | 1.000449 at 589.3 nm and 0 °C |
介电常数, εr | 1.60 ε0 at 0 °C, 50 atm |
C=O键平均键能 | 804.4 kJ/mol at 298 K(25 °C) |
键长 | C=O 116 pm (1.16 Å) |
键角 | O-C-O: 180° |
热力学性质
相性质 | |
|---|---|
三相点 | 216.58 K(−56.57 °C), 518.5 kPa |
临界点 | 304.18 K(31.03 °C), 7.38 MPa |
标准熔化焓变, ΔfusH | 8.647 kJ/mol(三相点) |
标准熔化熵变, ΔfusS | ? J/(mol·K) |
标准汽化焓变, ΔvapH | 15.326 kJ/mol at 215.7 K(−57.5 °C) |
溶解度
二氧化碳在水中的溶解度如下:
CO2在101.3 kPa (1 atm)分压下水中的溶解度 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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‡Second column of table indicates solubility at each given temperature in volume of CO2 as it would be measured at 101.3 kPa and 0 °C per volume of water.
The solubility is given for "pure water", i.e., water which contain only CO2. This water is going to be acidic. For example, at 25 °C the pH of 3.9 is expected (see carbonic acid). At less acidic pH values, the solubility will increase because of the pH-dependent speciation of CO2.
固态和气态时的蒸汽压
P(mm Hg) | 1 | 10 | 40 | 100 | 400 | 760 | 1520 | 3800 | 7600 | 15200 | 30400 | 45600 | |
P(atm) (2sf,换算自mm Hg) | 0.0013 | 0.013 | 0.053 | 0.13 | 0.53 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 60 | |
P(kPa)(换算自mm Hg / atm) | 0.13 | 1.3 | 5.3 | 13 | 53 | 101.325 | 202.65 | 506.625 | 1013.25 | 2026.5 | 4053 | 6079.5 | |
T(°C) | –134.3(s) | –119.5(s) | –108.6(s) | –100.2(s) | –85.7(s) | –78.2(s) | –69.1(s) | –56.7 | –39.5 | –18.9 | 5.9 | 22.4 | |
表格数据来自《CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics》第44版。注释中的“(s)”表示固体上方蒸气的平衡温度。其余温度均为液体上方蒸汽的平衡温度。 For kPa values, where datum is whole numbers of atmospheres exact kPa values are given, elsewhere 2 significant figures derived from mm Hg data.