概述

主要以有机物作为营养物质进行生命代谢活动的一类微生物.分为两种类型.（１）光能异养微生物，以有机物作为供氢体，利用光能，在有机物参与下，将ＣＯ２还原成细胞物质，例如红螺菌.（２）化能异养微生物，即以有机物作为碳源和能源维持生长的微生物.已知的微生物多数属于此类，根据它们利用有机物的特性，分为腐生型和寄生型，前者利用无生命活性的有机物作为碳源，后者寄生在活体细胞内，从寄主体内获得营养物质.异养微生物种类繁多，分布广泛，与人类的关系密切，是微生物学的主要研究对象.Mainly organic nutrients for life as the metabolic activity of a class of micro-organisms. Is divided into two types. (1) light heterotrophic microorganisms to organic matter as a hydrogen donor body, using light, in the organic participation will be reduced toCO2cellular material, such as Rhodospirillum. (2) Delivery to heterotrophic micro-organisms, namely organic matter as a carbon and energy to maintain the growth of micro-organisms.Mostof the known micro-organisms belonging to thiscategory, the use of organic matter according to their characteristics, are divided into saprophytic and parasitic type, the former activity of the use of non-living organic matter as a carbon source, which is parasitic in the living cells within the body to obtain nutrients from the host. heterotrophic micro-organisms a wide range of widely distributed, and closely related to humans is a major microbiology study.