概述

微生物利用 化学能将 小分子物质合成大分子 细胞结构物质的过程.有两种类型.（１）化能 自养型，利用无机物的氧化获取能量，将ＣＯ２或碳酸盐合成细胞结构物质.这类微生物称为化能 自养微生物，包括 铁细菌（如 氧化亚铁硫杆菌Ｔｈｉｏｂａｃｉｌｕｓｆｅｒｏｘｉｄａｎｓ）， 硫化细菌（如氧化硫硫杆菌Ｔｈｉｏｂａｃｉｌｕｓｔｈｉｏｘｉｄａｎｓ）、 硝化细菌（如亚硝化单胞菌Ｎｉｔｒｏｓｏｍｏｎａｓ、 硝化杆菌Ｎｉｔｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒ等）和 氢细菌（如氢单胞菌Ｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎｏｍｏｎａｓ）等.（２）化能 异养型，利用有机物的氧化获得化学能，将小分子有机物合成大分子细胞物质的过程.这类微生物种类最多，腐生性和寄生性微生物都属于此种类型，称为 化能异养型微生物.Micro-organisms using chemical synthesis of small molecules able to macromolecular substances in the process of cell structure. There are two types (1). Chemoautotrophic type, using the oxidation of inorganic compounds to obtain energy, CO2, or the synthesis of cellular structure of carbonate material. This is type micro-organisms known as the chemoautotrophic micro-organisms, including iron bacteria (eg Thiobacillus ferrooxidans Thiobacilusferoxidans), sulfur bacteria (eg Thiobacillus thiooxidans Thiobacilusthioxidans), nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas bacteria such as Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter Nitrobacter, etc.) and hydrogen bacteria (such as hydrogen Aeromonas Hydrogenomonas) and so on. (2) technology can be heterotrophic, using the oxidation of organic matter to obtain chemical energy, the small molecular organic substances in the process of synthesis of cellular macromolecules. Such micro-organisms are most saprophytic and parasitic micro-organisms belong to this type, known as the technology can be heterotrophic microorganisms.