概述

第二次世界大战后，在美国兴起的以探索为目的、以实验为手段的新的 舞蹈艺术流派.是 现代舞坛上一个崭新的现象，受到当时 现代主义思潮的影响.一些颇有名气的 舞蹈编导和演员是这一流派的代表人物，如： 坎宁汉、尼克莱、保罗.泰勒、特薇拉.莎普等.他们的实验舞蹈又有“ 前卫派”、“超 现代派”、“ 先锋派”等不同的名称.坎宁汉的编舞方法，是采用独特的“机遇法”，即采用抛硬币或抓阄或翻 扑克牌等手段，来决定舞蹈中动作和 场记的排列顺序，他提出“纯舞蹈”理论，主张创作舞蹈时不应受到情节内容和音乐节奏的制约，因而演员在表演他的作品时，往往是在彩排或演出时才第一次听到音乐.尼克莱则是一位奇异的舞台魔术师，他将动作融在一个由变换无穷的灯光、布景、大型道具、古怪的服饰，以及 电子音乐组成的 万花筒之中，把 舞蹈演员变成了在万花筒中不停地变幼出各种奇异色彩的物体，令人眼花缭乱，目不暇接.他的理论主张是，这样的舞蹈可以遏制演员的个性和 情绪化表演，把舞蹈变成一种新颖的视觉经验，与他们相比，泰勒的实验更是向两极发展，要不然就一动不动地站在舞台上达数分钟，要不然就用大幅度的动作技巧席卷而过.当然，他的主要成就还是表现在其精湛的编舞技巧上.新先锋派另一位主要干将莎普，则是将所有 动作形式汇集于一身，以一种 大杂烩式的舞蹈拼盘展现她的追求和才华.总之，新先锋派舞蹈是以尝试新手段、探索新途径为其基本特色的，是第一代现代舞者的 创新精神的进一步体现和延续，其思想和手段都为后世留下了极为丰富的经验及其教训. After World War II in the United States for the purpose of the rise in order to explore, to experiment by means of a new dance genre. Is the modern dance scene on a new phenomenon, by the time the impact of Modernism. Some quite reputable, dance director and actors are representatives of this genre, such as: Cunningham, Nikolai, Paul. Taylor, Te Weila. Shapu other. Their experimental dance has "avant-garde", "ultra-modern", "avant-garde" and other different names. Cunningham's choreographic approach is the use of a unique "Opportunity Law," which adopts the coin toss or drawing of lots, or turning playing cards and other means to determine the continuity clerk's dance movements and the sequence, He put forward the " pure dance" theory, advocated creating the content of the plot should not be dancing and music, the rhythm of the constraints, so the actors perform his work, often in re hearsals or performances for the first time only to hear music. Nicolai is a singular stage magician, he will melt in an action by the endless permutations of the lighting, backdrops, large props, outlandish costumes, as well as the composition of electronic music into a kaleidoscope, the dancers into a kaleidoscope of constantly in the Variable young all kinds of strange colors of objects, dazzling, dizzying. His theory proposes that such a dance may contain actor's personality and emotional performances, the dance into a new visual experience with them, compared Taylor's experiment is the development toward the poles, or else a motionless on stage for a few minutes, or else with a substantial motor skills swept by. Of course, his main achievement was reflected in his superb choreography skills. New Avant-garde, another major go-getters Shapu, append all forms of exchange rolled into action, with a hodgepodge of assorted and her pursuit of dance, and talent. In short, the new Avant-garde dance is to try new methods to explore new ways for its basic characteristics are the first generation of modern dancers, a further manifestation of the spirit of innovation and continuity, their ideas and methods were left for future generations a very rich experience and its lessons.