基本介绍

内容简介

《牛津应用语言学丛书:复合系统与应用语言学》由上海外语教育出版社出版。

作者简介

作者：（美国）拉森—弗里曼（Diane Larsen-Freeman） （英国）卡梅伦（Lynne Cameron）

图书目录

Acknowledgments-vii Preface-ix 1 Complexity theory: what's it all about? 2 Complex systems 3 Change in complex systems 4 Complex systems in language and its evolution 5 Complex systems in first and second language development 6 Complex systems in discourse 7 Complex systems and the language classroom 8 Researching complex systems in applied linguistics Bibliography

文摘

版权页： System parametersEach aspect needed to describe a system contributes-a parameter, and thus adimension, to the state or phase space of that system. In a simplified example ofthe phase space of a human system, given by Thelen and Smith, aperson's physical fitness is hypothetically, and simplistically, described by twoparameters or 'observables': heart rate and body temperature. All possiblevalues of these can then be shown on a two-dimensional landscape or space asin Figure 3.4 below. The person's physical fitness is likely to occupy a small areainside the phase space of the system. It does not roam widely across the fitnessphase space, since neither heart rate nor body temperature can fluctuate toextremes. There will be a small area that represents the intersection of normalvalues of heart rate and body temperature, and a larger area that shows places.where the system right move. to-for example, if the person were sick-orin another direction-if the person were,to take up an exercise program andincrease fitness. Either illness or training might shift the system temporarilyaway from the normal or preferred region, but the system would return thereif the temporary 'changes ceased. Continuing exercise might eventually shiftthe.preferred region in the state space, although personal experience suggeststhat the preferred region is fairly strongly fixed "in adults despite one's bestefforts. The person's fitness is what Thelen and Smith call 'dynamically stable';in other words, itis not rigidly fixed but moves in a limited way, within thepreferred region (shaded dark in Figure 3-4) and sometimes into the largerregion. state space Or phase space represents the landscape of possibilities'of asystem, and, as it change, s and adapts over time, the system moves throughthis landscape.

编辑推荐

《牛津应用语言学丛书:复合系统与应用语言学》由上海外语教育出版社出版。

目录

Acknowledgments-vii Preface-ix 1 Complexity theory: what's it all about? 2 Complex systems 3 Change in complex systems 4 Complex systems in language and its evolution 5 Complex systems in first and second language development 6 Complex systems in discourse 7 Complex systems and the language classroom 8 Researching complex systems in applied linguistics Bibliography