基本介绍

内容简介

《量子力学题解:量子理论在现在物理中的应用(第2版)》是由世界图书出版公司出版的。

作者简介

作者：(法国) 比斯德温特 (Basdevant.J.)

图书目录

Summary of Quantum Mechanics 1 Principles 2 General Results 3 The Particular Case of a Point-Like Particle; Wave Mechanics. 4 Angular Momentum and Spin 5 Exactly Soluble Problems 6 Approximation Methods 7 Identical Particles 8 Time-Evolution of Systems 9 Collision Processes Part I Elementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms Neutrino Oscillations 1.1 Mechanism of the Oscillations; Reactor Neutrinos 1.2 Oscillations of Three Species; Atmospheric Neutrinos 1.3 Solutions 1.4 Comments 2 Atomic Clocks 2.1 The Hyperfine Splitting of the Ground State 2.2 The Atomic Fountain 2.3 The GPS System 2.4 The Drift of Fundamental Constants 2.5 Solutions 3 Neutron Interferometry 3.1 Neutron Interferences 3.2 The Gravitational Effect 3.3 Rotating a Spin 1/2 by 360 Degrees 3.4 Solutions 4 Spectroscopic Measurement on a Neutron Beam 4.1 Ramsey Fringes 4.2 Solutions 5 Analysis of a Stern-Gerlach Experiment 5.1 Preparation of the Neutron Beam 5.2 Spin State of the Neutrons 5.3 The Stern-Gerlach Experiment 5.4 Solutions 6 Measuring the Electron Magnetic Moment Anomaly 6.1 Spin and Momentum Precession of an Electron in a Magnetic Field 6.2 Solutions Decay of a Tritium Atom 7.1 The Energy Balance in Tritium Decay 7.2 Solutions 7.3 Comments The Spectrum of Positronium 8.1 Positronium Orbital States 8.2 Hyperfine Splitting 8.3 Zeeman Effect in the Ground State 8.4 Decay of Positronium 8.5 Solutions The Hydrogen Atom in Crossed Fields 9.1 The Hydrogen Atom in Crossed Electric and Magnetic Fields 9.2 Pauli's Result 9.3 Solutions 10 Energy Loss of Ions in Matter 10.1 Energy Absorbed by One Atom 10.2 Energy Loss in Matter 10.3 Solutions 10.4 Comments Part II Quantum Entanglement and Measurement 11 The EPR Problem and Bell's Inequality 11.1 The Electron Spin 11.2 Correlations Between the Two Spins 11.3 Correlations in the Singlet State 11.4 A Simple Hidden Variable Model 11.5 Bell's Theorem and Experimental Results 11.6 Solutions 12 Schrodinger's Cat 12.1 The Quasi-Classical States of a Harmonic Oscillator 12.2 Construction of a Schr5dinger-Cat State 12.3 Quantum Superposition Versus Statistical Mixture 12.4 The Fragility of a Quantum Superposition 12.5 Solutions 12.6 Comments 13 Quantum Cryptography 13.1 Preliminaries 13.2 Correlated Pairs of Spins 13.3 The Quantum Cryptography Procedure 13.4 Solutions 14 Direct Observation of Field Quantization 14.1 Quantization of a Mode of the Electromagnetic Field 14.2 The Coupling of the Field with an Atom 14.3 Interaction of the Atom with an "Empty" Cavity 14.4 Interaction of an Atom with a Quasi-Classical State 14.5 Large Numbers of Photons: Damping and Revivals 14.6 Solutions 14.7 Comments 15 Ideal Quantum Measurement 15.1 Preliminaries: a yon Neumann Detector 15.2 Phase States of the Harmonic Oscillator 15.3 The Interaction between the System and the Detector 15.4 An "Ideal" Measurement 15.5 Solutions 15.6 Comments 16 The Quantum Eraser 16.1 Magnetic Resonance 16.2 Ramsey Fringes 16.3 Detection of the Neutron Spin State 16.4 A Quantum Eraser 16.5 Solutions 16.6 Comments 17 A Quantum Thermometer 17.1 The Penning Trap in Classical Mechanics 17.2 The Penning Trap in Quantum Mechanics 17.3 Coupling of the Cyclotron and Axial Motions 17.4 A Quantum Thermometer 17.5 Solutions Part III Complex Systems 18 Exact Results for the Three-Body Problem 18.1 The Two-Body Problem 18.2 The Variational Method 18.3 Relating the Three-Body and Two-Body Sectors 18.4 The Three-Body Harmonic Oscillator 18.5 From Mesons to Baryons in the Quark Model 18.6 Solutions 19 Properties of a Bose-Einstein Condensate 19.1 Particle in a Harmonic Trap 19.2 Interactions Between Two Confined Particles 19.3 Energy of a Bose-Einstein Condensate 19.4 Condensates with Repulsive Interactions 19.5 Condensates with Attractive Interactions 19.6 Solutions 19.7 Comments 20 Magnetic Excitons 20.1 The Molecule CsFeBra 20.2 Spin-Spin Interactions in a Chain of Molecules 20.3 Energy Levels of the Chain 20.4 Vibrations of the Chain: Excitons 20.5 Solutions

序言

Quantum mechanics is an endless source of new questions and fascinating observations. Examples can be found in fundamental physics and in applied physics, in mathematical questions as well as in the currently popular debates on the interpretation of quantum mechanics and its philosophical implications. Teaching quantum mechanics relies mostly on theoretical courses, which are illustrated by simple exercises often of a mathematical character. Reduc- ing quantum physics to this type of problem is somewhat frustrating since very few, if any, experimental quantities are available to compare the results with. For a long time, however, from the 1950s to the 1970s, the only alterna- tive to these basic exercises seemed to be restricted to questions originating from atomic and nuclear physics, which were transformed into exactly soluble problems and related to known higher transcendental functions. In the past ten or twenty years, things have changed radically. The devel- opment of high technologies is a good example. The one-dimensional square- well potential used to be a rather academic exercise for beginners. The emer- gence of quantum dots and quantum wells in semiconductor technologies has changed things radically. Optronics and the associated developments in infra- red semiconductor and laser technologies have considerably elevated the social rank of the square-well model. As a consequence, more and more emphasis is given to the physical aspects of the phenomena rather than to analytical or computational considerations. Many fundamental questions raised since the very beginnings of quantum theory have received experimental answers in recent years. A good example is the neutron interference experiments of the 1980s, which gave experimental answers to 50 year old questions related to the measurability of the phase of the wave function. Perhaps the most fundamental example is the experimen- tal proof of the violation of Bell's inequality, and the properties of entangled states, which have been established in decisive experiments since the late 1970s, More recently, the experiments carried out to quantitatively verify de- coherence effects and "SchrSdinger-cat" situations have raised considerable.